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12ga and most heavier rifle rounds can take down any bear pretty quickly, though I wouldn't want a bolt action in that situation lol. That is a lot of weight to lug around so people carry handguns instead and those just don't have anywhere near the same energy or stopping power, not even the large-caliber ones. I believe rangers in Alaska use 12ga bean bag rounds. Those and the loud snowmobiles/quads they also use are usually enough to scare the bears off. Remember, the bears are just looking for an easy meal and you don't want to kill them if you can avoid it. In Canada, it's pretty difficult (near impossible) to get a permit to carry a handgun so people carry a heavy shotgun. But yes, quads and noisy things and practicing good bear awareness is first and foremost. 

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